Improving the Spelling Performance of Students Who Are Deaf and Exhibit Characteristics Consistent with Learning Disabilities

Authors

  • Dr. Monica Soukup (Author)
https://doi.org/10.64546/jaasep.18
Research has identified many strategies that are effective in helping students to improve spelling performance. Among the strategies that are cited in a review of the literature are the multi-sensory approach and See/Cover/Write/Compare approach. Using a single-subject behavioral dynamics experimental design with replication across subjects, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of a multi-sensory, See/Cover/Write/Compare intervention procedure to improve written spelling performance in students who were Deaf with characteristics consistent with Learning Disabilities (DCLD). Three students received daily tutoring sessions incorporating a multi-sensory, See/Cover/Write/Compare intervention procedure. Dependent measures addressed the spelling performance of each participant, interobserver reliability, procedural integrity, and consumer satisfaction. Each participant was evaluated in the areas of formative spelling performance, summative spelling performance, and spelling retention. Results from the data demonstrated improvement in spelling for all three participants across all spelling lists.

Allman, T. M. (2002). Patterns of spelling in young deaf and hard of hearing students. American Annals of the Deaf, 147(1), 46-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2012.0152

Berent, G.P., Samar, V.J., Parasnis, I. (2000). College teachers’ perceptions of English language characteristics that identify English language learning disabled deaf students. American Annals of the Deaf, 145(4), 342-358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2012.0060

Binder, C. (1993). Behavioral fluency: A new paradigm. Educational Technology, 33, 8-14.

Binder, C. (1996). Behavioral fluency: Evolution of a new paradigm. Behavior Analyst, 19, 163-197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03393163

Binder, C., Haughton, E., & Van Eyk, D. (1990). Increasing endurance by building fluency: Precision teaching attention span. Teaching Exceptional Children, 22, 24-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004005999002200305

Binder, C., & Watkins, C. L. (1990). Precision Teaching and Direct Instruction: Measurably superior instructional technology in schools. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 3, 74-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-8327.1990.tb00478.x

Bullis, M., & Anderson, G. (1986). Single-subject research methodology: An underutilized tool in the field of deafness. American Annals of the Deaf, 131, 344-348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2012.0966

Brown, M. (1988). An investigation of a spelling intervention with learning disabled elementary school students. B. C. Journal of Special Education, 12, 1-18.

Bruck, M. (1988). The word recognition and spelling of dyslexic children. Reading Research Quarterly, 23, 51-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/747904

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E, & Heward, W. L. (1987). Applied behavior analysis. Columbus, OH: Merrill Publishing Company.

Darch, C., Soobang, K., & Johnson S. (2000). The strategic spelling skills of students with learning disabilities: the results of two studies. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 27 (1), 15-27.

Downs, J., & Morin, S. (1990). Improving reading fluency with Precision Teaching. Teaching Exceptional Children, 22, 38-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004005999002200308

Elliot, R., Powers, A., & Funderburg, R. (1988). Learning disabled hearing impaired students: Teacher survey. Volta Review, 90, 277-285.

Fernald, G. (1988). Remedial techniques in basic school subjects. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.

Fernald, G. (1943). Remedial techniques in basic school subjects. New York, McGraw-Hill.

Fulk, B. M., & Stormont-Spurgin, M. (1995). Spelling interventions for students with disabilities: A review. The Journal of Special Education, 28 (4), 488-513. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002246699502800407

Gillingham, A., & Stillman, B. (1956). Remedial Training for children with specific disability in reading, spelling and penmanship. (5th ed.). Cambridge Mass, Educators Publishing Service.

Graham, S., & Freeman, S. (1986). Strategy training and teacher vs. student-controlled study conditions: Effects on LD students’ spelling performance. Learning Disabiilties Quarterly, 9, 15-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1510397

Harward, S. V., Allred, R. A., & Sudweeks, R. R. (1994). The effectiveness of four self-corrected spelling test methods. Reading Pscychology, 15(4), 245-271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0270271940150403

Halle, J. W., Stoker, R. G., & Schloss, P. J. (1984). Facilitating teacher-conducted research: A tutorial on single-subject design-the multiple baseline. The Volta Review, 86(2), 89-101.

Howell, K. W., & Lorson-Howell, K. A. (1990). What’s the hurry? Fluency in the classroom. TeachingExceptional Children, 22(3), 20-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004005999002200304

Jennings, M. (1997). Individualize your spelling instruction. Preventing School Failure, 42, 44-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10459889809603168

Johnston, J. M., & Pennypacker, H. S. (1993). Strategies and tactics of behavioral research (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Liberty, K. A. (1972). Decide for progress: Dynamic aims and data decisions. Working paper, Regional Resource Center for Handicapped Children, University of Oregon.

Liberty, K. A. (1975). Data decision rules. Unpublished working paper, Experimental Education Unit, Child Development and Mental Retardation Center, University of Washington.

Lindsley, O. R. (1990). Precision teaching: By teachers for children. Teaching Exceptional Children, 22, 10-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004005999002200302

Lindsley, O. R. (1991). Precision teaching’s unique legacy from B. F. Skinner. The Journal of Behavioral Education, 2, 253-266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00957007

Lindsley, O. R. (1992a). Why aren’t effective teaching tools widely accepted? Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 21-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1992.25-21

Lindsley, O. R. (1992b). Precision teaching: Discoveries and effects. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 51-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1992.25-51

Lindsley, O. R. (2001a). Celeration and agility for the 2000s. Journal of Precision Teaching and Celeration, 17, 107.

Lindsley, O. R. (2001b). Do times two, then go for four, or more: Precision teaching aims for the 21st century. Journal of Precision Teaching and Celeration, 17, 99-102.

Luetke-Stahlman, B. (1986). Gaining methodological insight through the use of single subject designs in hearing-impaired classrooms. American Annals of the Deaf, 131, 349-355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2012.0983

Mayer, C., & Moskos, E. (1998). Deaf children learning to spell. Research in theTeaching of English, 33(2), 159-180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58680/rte19983917

McGreevy, P. (1983). Teaching and learning in plain English. Kansas City, MO: Plain English Publications.

Mercer, C. (1997). Students with Learning Disabilities. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Murphy, N. (1997). A multi-sensory vs. conventional approach to teaching spelling. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED405564)

Noland, E., McLaughlin, T. F., & Sweeney, W. J. (1994). The effects of precision teaching and add-a-word spelling on spelling performance of an adult graduate student. Journal of Precision Teaching, 11 (2), 14-18.

Pennypacker, H. S., Koenig, C. H., & Lindsley, O. R. (1972). Handbook of the standard behavior chart. Kansas City, KS: Precision Media.

Pollack, B. J. (1997). Educating children who are deaf or hard of hearing: Additional learning problems. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. E 414666)

Sadlier, W. H. (2002). Vocabulary Workshop. New York, NY: Sadlier-Oxford.

Samar, V. J. (1999). Identifying learning disabilities in the deaf population: The leap from Gibraltar. NTID Research Bulletin, 4 (1), 1-4.

Samar, V. J., Parasnis, I., & Berent, G. P. (1998). Learning disabilities, attention deficit disorders, and deafness. In M. Marschark & M. D. Clark (Eds.), (1998), Psychological Perspectives on Deafness, (pp. 199-242). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Stewart, D. A., & Kluwin, T. N. (2001). Classroom management and learning disabilities. In D. A., & Kluwin, T. N. (2001). Teaching Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students: Content, Strategies, and Curriculum, (pp. 289-313). Needlham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Sweeney, W. J. (1992). The effects of repeated reading instruction on recall of text of elementary students academically at-risk. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

Sweeney, W. J., Omness, C. K., Janusz, K. L., & Cooper, J. O. (1992). Adult literacy and precision teaching: Repeated readings and see/cover/write practice to improve reading and spelling. Journal of Precision Teaching, 9 (1), 6-11.

Sweeney, S. R., Sweeney, W. J., & Malanga, P. (2001). The effects of one minute warm up procedures on addition one minute fluency timings. The Journal of Precision Teaching and Celeration, 17, 76-88.

Sweeney, W. J., Ring, M. M., Malanga, P., & Lambert, M. C. (2003). Using curriculum based assessment and repeated practice instructional procedures combined with daily goal setting to improve elementary student’s oral reading fluency: A teacher training approach. Journal of Precision Teaching and Celeration, 19(1), 2-19.

Teigen, T., Malanga, P., & Sweeney, W. J. (2001). Combining repeated readings and error correction to improve reading fluency. . The Journal of Precision Teaching and Celeration, 17, 58-67.

Vickery, K. S., Reynolds, V. A., & Cochran, S. W. (1987). Multisensory teaching approach for reading, spelling, and handwriting; Orton-Gillingham based curriculum in a public school setting. Annals of Dyslexia, 5, 189-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02648066

West, R. P., Young, K. R., & Spooner, F. (1990). Precision Teaching. Teaching Exceptional Children, 27, 4-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004005999002200301

White, O. R., & Liberty, K. A. (1976). Evaluation and measurement. In N. G. Haring & R. Schiefelbusch (Eds.). Teaching special children. NY: McGraw-Hill

There are 51 references in total.
Soukup, M. (2006). Improving the Spelling Performance of Students Who Are Deaf and Exhibit Characteristics Consistent with Learning Disabilities. Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 1(3), 76-95. https://doi.org/10.64546/jaasep.18

Downloads

Article Information

  • Article Type Articles
  • Submitted May 16, 2006
  • Published June 15, 2006
  • Issue Fall 2006
  • Section Articles
  • File Downloads 0
  • Abstract Views 0
  • Altmetrics
  • Share
Download data is not yet available.