The Perspectives of K-12 Stakeholders Involved in Early Implementation of Response to Intervention (RTI)

Authors

https://doi.org/10.64546/jaasep.264
Response to intervention (RTI) is an approach that has been implemented in more than 90% of the states in the U.S. The purpose of the study is to advance understanding of what efforts need to be made in order to increase the likelihood that special education professionals will accept RTI. Data used in this study include individual interviews with two principals, three special education teachers (two of whom were school district RTI coaches), one social worker, and one Title I teacher across four K-12 schools. Data were collected and analyzed around four sets of what qualitative methodologists call "grand tour" questions (Bernard, 2001): (1) respondents’ perceptions about data-based decision making, (2) use of evidence-based interventions at each tier, (3) strengths and challenges to achieving effective coordination, and (4) ongoing supports and professional development needs. The participants’ perspectives offer critical information to advance both research and practices related to RTI.

Bernard, H. R. (2001). Unstructured and semi-structured interviewing. In H. R. Bernard (Ed.), Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (3rd ed., pp. 208–236). Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.

Brantlinger, E., Jiménez, R., Klingner, J., Pugach, M., & Richardson, V. (2005). Qualitative studies in special education. Exceptional Children, 71, 195-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001440290507100205

Brownell, M. T, Sindelar, P. T., Kiely, M. T., & Danielson, L. C. (2010). Special education teacher quality and preparation: Exposing foundations, constructing a new model. Exceptional Children, 76, 357-377. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001440291007600307

Byrd, E. S. (2011). Educating and involving parents in the response to intervention process. TeachingExceptional Children, 43(3), 32-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004005991104300304

Coleman, M. R., Buysse, V., & Neitzel, J. (2006). Recognition and response: An early intervening system for young children at risk for learning disabilities. Full report. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, FPG Child Development Institute.

Cook, B. G., Shepherd, K., Cook, S. C., & Cook, L. (2012). Facilitating the effective implementation of evidence-based practices through teacher-parent collaboration. TeachingExceptional Children, 44(3), 22-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004005991204400303

Darling-Hammond, L. (2000). Teacher quality and student achievement: A review of state policy evidence. Education Policy Analysis archive, 8(1), 1-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v8n1.2000

Edwards, P. A. (2004). Children's literacy development: Making it happen through school, family, and community involvement. Boston: Allyn.

Ferri, B. A. (2012). Undermining inclusion? A critical reading of response to intervention (RTI). International Journal of Inclusive Education, 16 (8), 863-880. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2010.538862

Fuchs, D., & Fuchs, L.S. (2006). Introduction to response to intervention: What, why, and how valid is it. Reading Research Quarterly, 41, 92-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1598/RRQ.41.1.4

Fuchs, D., Fuchs, L. S., & Compton, D. L. (2012). Smart RTI: A next-generation approach to multilevel prevention. Exceptional Children, 78, 263–279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001440291207800301

Fuchs, D., Mock, D., Morgan, P.L., & Young, C.L. (2003). Responsiveness-to-intervention for the learning disabilities construct. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 18(3), 157-171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5826.00072

Greenfield, R., Rinaldi, C., Proctor, P., & Cardarelli, A. (2010). Teachers’ perceptions of RTI reform in an urban elementary school: A consensual qualitative analysis. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 21(2), 47-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207310365499

IDEA (2004). Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act. Public Law 108-446.

IDEA (2007). The response to intervention key terms and acronyms. Retrieved from http://www.ideapartnership.org/documents/RTI_Glossary7-30-07.pdf

Kavale, K. A. (2005). Identifying specific learning disability: Is responsiveness to intervention the answer? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38(6), 553-562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194050380061201

76 Klingner, J. K., & Edwards, P. (2006). Cultural considerations with response to intervention models. Reading Research Quarterly, 41, 108-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1598/RRQ.41.1.6

Mellard, D. F., Byrd, S. E., Johnson, E., Tollefson, J.M., & Boesche, L. (2004). Foundations and research on identifying model responsiveness-to-intervention sites. Learning Disability Quarterly, 27(4), 243-256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1593676

National Center on Response to Intervention (NCRTI, 2013). RTI state database. Retrieved from http://state.rti4success.org/

NCLB (2002). No Child Left Behind Act. Public Law 107-115.

Reschly, D. J., & Ysseldyke, J. E. (2002). Paradigm shift: The past is not the future. In A. Thomas & J. Grimes (Eds.) Best practices in school psychology IV (4th Ed.) (pp. 3-20). Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.

Seidman, I. E. (2006). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences (3rd ed). New York: Teachers College Press.

Stage, S. A., Abbott, R. D., Jenkins, J. R., & Berninger, V. W. (2003). Predicting response to early reading intervention from verbal IQ, reading-related language abilities, attention ratings, and verbal IQ-word reading discrepancy: Failure to validate the discrepancy method. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 36, 24-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194030360010401

Vaughn, S., & Fuchs, L. S. (2003). Redefining learning disabilities as inadequate response to instruction: The promise and potential problems. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 18(3), 137-146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5826.00070

Walser, N. (2007). Response to intervention: A new approach to reading instruction aims to catch struggling readers early. Harvard Education Letter, 23(1). Retrieved from http://www.hepg.org/hel/article/23977

There are 25 references in total.
Kuo, N.-C. (2015). The Perspectives of K-12 Stakeholders Involved in Early Implementation of Response to Intervention (RTI). Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 10(1), 61-79. https://doi.org/10.64546/jaasep.264

Downloads

Article Information

  • Article Type Articles
  • Submitted December 28, 2014
  • Published February 15, 2015
  • Issue Winter 2015
  • Section Articles
  • File Downloads 0
  • Abstract Views 0
  • Altmetrics
  • Share
Download data is not yet available.