An Exploration of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Scholars’ Doctoral Journey: An Autoethnographic Case Study

Authors

  • Develyn Biagas, PhD (Author) Northern Arizona University image/svg+xml
    Dr. Develyn Biagas is a Specialized Academic Instructor at a Riverside County charter high school, bringing 23 years of K-12 teaching experience and 7 years of mentoring pre-service teachers. She holds a Master’s in Urban Education from UCLA and a PhD in Curriculum and Instruction, focusing on Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Exceptional (CLDE) students. Dr. Biagas is committed to fostering a just, equitable, and inclusive education, with research interests in special education, particularly mild learning disabilities.
  • Adriana Frates, PhD (Author) University of Texas Permian Basin image/svg+xml
    Dr. Adriana Frates is an Assistant Professor of Special Education at the University of Texas Permian Basin. She received her Master’s degree in Special Education and PhD in Curriculum and Instruction. Her previous experience includes teaching college courses in special education and working in an elementary school setting as a special education teacher. Her research currently focuses on evidence-based practices for students who are bilingual and diagnosed with low-incidence disabilities.
  • Candi Running Bear, PhD (Author) Western New Mexico University image/svg+xml
    Dr. Candi Running Bear is a citizen of the Navajo Nation. She received her Bachelor’s in Psychology and her Master’s in Special Education before taking a position as an early childhood special education teacher, which she held for more than a decade. Dr. Running Bear then went on to get her Ph.D. in Curriculum and Instruction with a focus on Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Exceptional Children. Her research focuses on autism on the Navajo Nation and culturally relevant evidence-based practices for indigenous young children.
https://doi.org/10.64546/jaasep.567
The purpose of this autoethnographic multiple case study is to examine the perceptions of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) doctoral students, who are also first-generation college (FGC) students. This research seeks to navigate their experiences in a doctoral program focused on special education for culturally and linguistically diverse exceptional (CLDE) learners. This study explores the journeys of three diverse female doctoral scholars including a Hispanic, Native American, and African American student. Our understanding and utilization of cultural capital and community cultural wealth in higher education were considered when analyzing their perceptions. Our perceptions are discussed in relation to social support, financial support, academic support, and overall satisfaction with their doctoral journey. Based on the experiences of each participant in this study, suggestions are provided for doctoral students and graduate faculty in special education programs. Recommendations for research and practice are presented.

Bourdieu, P. (1977). Reproduction in education, society, culture. Sage.

Chao, M. M, Okazaki, S., & Hong, Y. Y. (2011). The quest for multicultural competence: Challenges and lessons learned from clinical and organizational research. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(5), 263-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00350.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00350.x

Cooper, R., & Lilyea, B. (2022). I'm interested in autoethnography, but how do I do it? The Qualitative Report, 27(1), 197-208. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5288 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5288

Creswell, J. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). Sage.

Crumb, L., Haskins, N., Dean, L., & Avent Harris, J. (2020). Illuminating social-class identity: The persistence of working-class African American women doctoral students. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 13(3), 215-227. https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000109

Cypress, B. S. (2017). Rigor or reliability and validity in qualitative research: Perspectives, strategies, reconceptualization, and recommendations. Dimension of Critical Care Nursing, 36(4), 253-263. https://doi.org/10.1097/DCC.0000000000000253 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/DCC.0000000000000253

Ellis, E. M. (2001). The impact of race and gender on graduate school socialization, satisfaction with doctoral study, and commitment to degree completion. Western Journal of Black Studies, 25(1), 30-45. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.utpb.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/impact-race-gender-on-graduate-school/docview/200355246/se-2

Engle, J., & Tinto, V. (2008). Moving beyond access: College success for low-income, first-generation students. Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED504448

Fischer, E. M .J. (2007). Settling into campus life: Differences by race/ethnicity in college involvement and outcomes. The Journal of Higher Education, 78(2), 125-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2007.11780871 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2007.11780871

Gardner, S. K. (2013). The challenges of first-generation doctoral students. New Directions for Higher Education, 2013(163), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/he.20064 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/he.20064

Hansen, N. D., Pepitone-Arreola-Rockwell, F., & Greene, A. F. (2000). Multicultural competence: Criteria and case examples. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31(6), 652-660. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.31.6.652 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0735-7028.31.6.652

Higher Education Act of 1965, 20 U.S.C. § 402A

Jairam, D., & Kahl Jr, D. H. (2012). Navigating the doctoral experience: The role of social support in successful degree completion. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 7, 311–329. https://doi.org/10.28945/1700 DOI: https://doi.org/10.28945/1700

Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(85)90062-8

Nettles, M. T., & Millett, C. M. (2006). Three magic letters: Getting to Ph. D. JHU Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56021/9780801882326

Nettles, M., Thoeny, A., & Gosman, E. (1986). Comparative and predictive analyses of Black and White students’ college achievement and experiences. Journal of Higher Education, 57(3), 289–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.1986.11778772 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.1986.11778772

Schuyler, S. W., Childs, J. R., & Poynton, T. A. (2021). Promoting success for first-generation students of color: The importance of academic, transitional adjustment, and mental health supports. Journal of College Access, 6(1), 12-25. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1313619

Shotton, H. J. (2017). “I thought you’d call her white feather”: Native women and racial microaggressions in doctoral education. Journal of American Indian Education, 56(1), 32-54. https://doi.org/10.5749/jamerindieduc.56.1.0032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jaie.2017.a798929

Squire, D. D., & McCann, K. (2018). Women of color critical worldviews constructing spaces of resistance in education doctoral programs. Journal of College Student Development, 59J(4), 404–420. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2018.0039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2018.0039

Stahl, N. A., & King, J. R. (2020). Expanding approaches for research: Understanding and using trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of Developmental Education, 44(1), 26-28. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45381095

Sue, D. W. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice. American Psychologist, 62(4), 271-286. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271

Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226922461.001.0001

Truong, K. A., Museus, S. D., & McGuire, K. M. (2016). Vicarious racism: A qualitative analysis of experiences with secondhand racism in graduate education. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 29(2), 224-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2015.1023234 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2015.1023234

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES). (2020). Survey of Earned Doctorates. Retrieved July 10, 2023 from https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf21308/report

Vasil, M, & McCall, J. M. (2018). The perspectives of two first-generation college students pursuing doctoral degrees in music education. Journal of Music Teacher Education, 27(2), 67-81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057083717717464 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1057083717717464

Vaishnav. S. (2021). Using photovoice to explore racial microaggressions experienced by doctoral students of color. Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision, 14(2). Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/jcps/vol14/iss2/6

Washburn-Moses, L. (2007). Minority students’ perceptions of their doctoral programs in special education. Journal of Teacher Education, 58(5), 456-469. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487107307948 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487107307948

Wilder, J., Jones, T. B., & Osborne-Lampkin, L. (2013). A profile of Black women in the 21st century academy: Still learning from the “outsider-Within”. Journal of Research Initiatives, 1(1), 27-38. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.uncfsu.edu/jri/vol1/iss1/5/

Williams, K. B. (2000). Perceptions of social support in doctoral programs among minority students. Psychological Reports, 86(3), 1003–1010. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.3.1003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.3.1003

Yosso, T. J. (2005). Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community cultural wealth. Race Ethnicity and Education, 8(1), 69–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/1361332052000341006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1361332052000341006

There are 30 references in total.
Biagas, D., Frates, A., & Bear, C. R. (2025). An Exploration of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Scholars’ Doctoral Journey: An Autoethnographic Case Study. Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 20(1), 37-54. https://doi.org/10.64546/jaasep.567

Downloads

Article Information

  • Article Type Articles
  • Submitted January 5, 2025
  • Published February 15, 2025
  • Issue Winter 2025
  • Section Articles
  • File Downloads 0
  • Abstract Views 1
  • Altmetrics
  • Share
Download data is not yet available.