Teacher’s Perspectives of Integrated Therapy Service Deliveries: A Case Study

Authors

  • Vidya Pingale, MS, PhD, OTR (Author) Hofstra University image/svg+xml
    Dr. Vidya Pingale is an assistant professor of occupational therapy at Hofstra University. She has more than 20 years of experience providing occupational therapy services to children with disabilities across various settings, including early intervention, hospitals, and public schools. Her interests include inclusion and service delivery of related services, living with a child with disabilities, evidence-based practice, and sensory-based intervention in school settings. She has a Ph.D. in occupational therapy.
  • Tina S. Fletcher, EdD, MFA, OTR (Author) Texas Woman’s University image/svg+xml
    Dr. Tina S. Fletcher is a professor of occupational therapy at Texas Woman's University. She focuses on improving participation in communities and schools for visitors with differing abilities using sensory strategies, environmental supports, and curriculum development. She was a public school related services provider for 27 years and has an EdD in educational design and curriculum instruction. See her work at www.planningforautism.com.
https://doi.org/10.64546/jaasep.527
This qualitative case study explored an elementary school teacher’s perspectives of integrated therapy service deliveries (ITSD) using a semi-structured interview. An inductive emergent sampling was used to select the participant from an urban school district. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze the data and understand the teacher’s perspectives of ITSD within their personal, social, cultural, and environmental contexts. Analysis revealed teacher’s perspectives of ITSD, dynamic trajectories of ITSD, and interdependence as themes. The teacher’s perspectives of ITSD were influenced by the impact of ITSD on the classroom and the teacher’s sense of control in the classroom. Trajectories of ITSD were shaped by variations in the implementation process, presence of catalysts, and integration into the classroom. Interdependence was seen between trajectories of ITSD and teacher’s perspectives. Overall, the teacher viewed ITSD as beneficial, and their perspectives were crucial for the success of ITSD.

Andrews, A., & Brown, J. L. (2015). Discrepancies in the ideal perceptions and the current experiences of special education teachers. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 3(6), 126-131. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v3i6.984 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v3i6.984

Barnes, K. J., & Turner, K. D. (2001). Team collaborative practices between teachers and occupational therapists. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55(1), 83-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.55.1.83

Bazyk, S., Michaud, P., Goodman, G., Papp, P., Hawkins, E., & Welch, M. A. (2009). Integrating occupational therapy services in a kindergarten curriculum: A look at the outcomes. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 63(2), 160-171. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.63.2.160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.63.2.160

Bellows, L. L., Davies, P. L., Anderson, J., & Kennedy, C. (2013). Effectiveness of a physical activity intervention for Head Start preschoolers: a randomized intervention study. American Journal of Occupational therapy, 67(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.005777 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.005777

Benson, J., Szcus, K., & Mejasic, J. (2016). Teachers’ perceptions of the role of occupational therapist in schools. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 9(3), 290–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2016.1183158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2016.1183158

Brandel, J., & Loeb, D. F. (2011). Program intensity and service delivery models in the schools: SLP survey results. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2011/10-0019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2011/10-0019

Brandenburger-Shasby, S. (2005). School-based practice: Acquiring the knowledge and skills. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 59, 88–96. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.59.1.88 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.59.1.88

Campbell, W. N., Missiuna, C. A., Rivard, L. M., & Pollock, N. A. (2012). Support for everyone: Experiences of occupational therapists delivering a new model of school-based service. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 79(1), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.2182/cjot.2012.79.1.7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2182/cjot.2012.79.1.7

Case-Smith, J., & Cable, J. (1996). Perceptions of occupational therapists regarding service delivery models in school-based practice. OTJR: Occupation, Participation, and Health, 16(1), 23-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/153944929601600102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/153944929601600102

Case-Smith, J., & Holland, T. (2009). Making decisions about service delivery in early childhood programs. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 40(4), 416-423. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2009/08-0023) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2009/08-0023)

Case-Smith, J., Holland, T., & White, S. (2014). Effectiveness of a co-taught handwriting program for first grade students. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 34(1), 30-43. https://doi.org/10.3109/01942638.2013.783898 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/01942638.2013.783898

Cirrin, F. M., Schooling, T. L., Nelson, N. W., Diehl, S. F., Flynn, P. F., Staskowski, M., Zoann, T., & Adamczyk, D. F. (2010). Evidence-based systematic review: Effects of different service delivery models on communication outcomes for elementary school–age children. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 41(3), 233-264. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2009/08-0128) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2009/08-0128)

Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.

D'Amour, D., Ferrada-Videla, M., Martin Rodriguez, L. M., & Beaulieu, M. D. (2005). The conceptual basis for interprofessional collaboration: core concepts and theoretical frameworks. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 19(sup1), 116-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820500082529 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820500082529

Dawson, S. M. (2014). Pull-Out or Push-in Service Delivery Model: Conducive to Students or Teachers? Education Masters. Paper 296.

Domitrovich, C., Bradshaw, C., Greenberg, M., Embry, D., Poduska, J., & Ialongo, N. (2010). Integrated models of school-based prevention: Logic and theory. Psychology in the Schools, 47, 71–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20452 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20452

Gillam, S.L., Olszewski, A., Fargo, J., & Gillam, R.B. (2014). Classroom-based narrative & vocabulary instruction: Results of an early-stage, nonrandomized comparison study. American Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 45, 204–219. https://doi.org/10.1044/2014_lshss-13-0008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/2014_LSHSS-13-0008

Green, L., Chance, P., & Stockholm, M. (2019). Implementation and perceptions of classroom-based service delivery: A survey of public school clinicians. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 50(4), 656-672. https://doi.org/10.1044/2019_lshss-18-0101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/2019_LSHSS-18-0101

Hanft, B. E., & Pilkington, K. O. (2000). Therapy in natural environments: The means or end goal for early intervention? Infants & Young Children, 12(4), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001163-200012040-00006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00001163-200012040-00006

Hong, S. B. (2014). Inter-professional collaboration: Early childhood educators and medical therapist working within a collaboration. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 3(1), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v3i1.623 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v3i1.623

Lust, C. A., & Donica, D. K. (2011). Effectiveness of a handwriting readiness program in Head Start: A two-group controlled trial. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65(5), 560–568. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2011.00061 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2011.000612

McWilliam, R. A. 2010. Routines-based early intervention: Strategies for supporting young children with Disabilities. Brookes.

McWilliam, R. A., & Bailey Jr, D. B. (1994). Predictors of service-delivery models in center-based early intervention. Exceptional Children, 61(1), 56-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440299406100106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001440299406100106

McWilliams, R. A., & Sekerak, D. (1995). Integrated practices in center-based early intervention: Perceptions of physical therapists. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 7(2), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001577-199500720-00002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00001577-199500720-00002

Mullen, R., & Schooling, T. (2010). The National Outcomes Measurement System for pediatric speech-language pathology. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 41(1), 44-60. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2009/08-0051) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2009/08-0051)

National Center for Educational Statistics (2021). The condition of education. Retrieved June 27, 2021, Retrieved from COE-Students With Disabilities (ed.gov)

Nochajski, S. M. (2002). Collaboration between team members in inclusive educational settings. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 15(3-4), 101-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/j003v15n03_06 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/J003v15n03_06

Nolan, K. W., Mannato, L., & Wilding, G. E. (2004). Integrated models of pediatric physical and occupational therapy: Regional practice and related outcomes. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 16(2), 121-128. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PEP.0000127569.83372.C8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PEP.0000127569.83372.C8

Ogelman, H. G., & Seçer, Z. (2012). The effect inclusive education practice during preschool has on the peer relations and social skills of 5-6-year olds with typical development. International Journal of Special Education, 27(3), 169-175.

Ohl, A. M., Graze, H., Weber, K., Kenny, S., Salvatore, C., & Wagreich, S. (2013). Effectiveness of a 10-week tier-1 response to intervention program in improving fine motor and visual–motor skills in general education kindergarten students. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67(5), 507–514. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.008110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.008110

Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Rafferty, Y., Piscitelli, V., & Boettcher, C. (2003). The impact of inclusion on language Ravitch, S. M., & Carl, N. M. (2019). Qualitative research: Bridging the conceptual, theoretical, and methodological. Sage Publications.

Rea, P. J., McLaughlin, V. L., & Walther-Thomas, C. (2002). Outcomes for students with learning disabilities in inclusive and pullout programs. Exceptional Children, 68(2), 203-222. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440290206800204 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001440290206800204

Ryndak, D. L., Taub, D., Jorgensen, C. M., Gonsier-Gerdin, J., Arndt, K., Sauer, J., Rupper, A.L., Morningstar, M. E., & Allcock, H. (2014). Policy and the impact on placement, involvement, and progress in general education: Critical issues that require rectification. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 39(1), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/1540796914533942 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1540796914533942

Spencer, T.D., Peterson, D.B., Slocum, T.A., & Allen, M.M. (2015). Large group narrative intervention in Head Start preschools: Implications for response to intervention. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 13, 196–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718x13515419 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X13515419

Truong, V. & Hodgetts, S. (2017). An exploration of teacher perceptions toward occupational therapy and occupational therapy practices: A scoping review. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 10(2), 121-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2017.1304840 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2017.1304840

Turan, Y. (2012). Acceptability ratings of language interventions and reasoning as described by early childhood special education teachers. Early Child Development and Care, 182(10), 1371-1382. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2011.615929 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2011.615929

Villeneuve, M. & Hutchinson, N. L. (2012). Enabling outcomes for students with developmental disabilities through collaborative consultation. The Qualitative Report, 17(49), 1. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2012.1700 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2012.1700

Watt, H., Richards, L. G., Woolley, H., Price, P., & Gray, S. (2021). Integrated services or pullout? Factors influencing school-based occupational therapy service delivery models. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2021.1934226 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2021.1934226

Wolery, M., & McWilliam, R. A. (1998). Classroom-based practices for preschoolers with disabilities. Intervention in School and Clinic, 34(2), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1177/105345129803400205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105345129803400205

Zigmond, N. (2003). Where should students with disabilities receive special education services? Is one place better than another? The Journal of Special Education, 37(3), 193-199. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224669030370030901 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00224669030370030901

There are 42 references in total.
Pingale, V., & Fletcher, T. S. (2024). Teacher’s Perspectives of Integrated Therapy Service Deliveries: A Case Study. Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 18(3), 8-20. https://doi.org/10.64546/jaasep.527

Downloads

Article Information

  • Article Type Articles
  • Submitted September 4, 2024
  • Published October 15, 2024
  • Issue Fall 2023
  • Section Articles
  • File Downloads 0
  • Abstract Views 1
  • Altmetrics
  • Share
Download data is not yet available.