Improving Transitions from Early Intervention (EI) to School: Strategies to Decrease Caregiver Stress and Increase Collaboration Between Families and School Professionals

Authors

  • Kristina Rios, Ph.D. (Author) California State University of Fresno image/svg+xml
    Kristina Rios, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor of Special Education in the Department of Literacy, Early, Bilingual, and Special Education at California State University of Fresno. Her research interests include parent advocacy for Latinx families of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
  • Molly Buren, Ph.D. (Author) National Louis University image/svg+xml
    Molly Buren, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Special Education and the Director of the Disability and Equity in Education major in the EdD Teaching and Learning Doctoral Program at National Louis University. Her research focuses on the experiences of families with children with disabilities who are historically marginalized, family advocacy, and new approaches to home-school partnerships.
https://doi.org/10.64546/jaasep.572
Early intervention (EI) plays a crucial role in supporting infants and toddlers with developmental needs and helping families understand how to meet their child’s needs. However, once a child reaches the age of three, these services come to an end and families must transition to school services. Surprisingly, there is a lack of research focusing on how families perceive this transition from EI to school services. To fill this gap in the literature, a qualitative study was conducted, involving semi-structured interviews with 14 parents. This study aimed to explore the transition process and the experiences of parents during this crucial phase. The results indicate that parents generally had positive experiences with EI, particularly with the EI team. However, a noteworthy finding was that parents reported heightened stress levels during the transition from EI to school services. They often relied on EI and school professionals to navigate the system and secure services, with limited involvement in the Individualized Education Program (IEP)process. These findings have important implications for both research and practice in the field.

Buren, M. K., Maggin, D. M., & Brown, C. (2020). Meta-synthesis on the experiences of families from nondominant communities and special education collaboration. Exceptionality, 28(4), 259-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/09362835.2018.1480953 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09362835.2018.1480953

Buren, M. K., Maggin, D. M., & Kumm, S. (2022). A Study of Latina Mothers and Teachers’ Experiences with Home-School Partnerships in Special Education. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-021-09807-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-021-09807-8

Burke, M. M. & Hodapp, R.M. (2014). Relating stress of mothers of children with developmental disabilities to family-school partnerships. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 52, 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-52.1.13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-52.1.13

Burke, M. M. & Goldman, S. E. (2018). Special education advocacy among culturally and linguistically diverse families. Journal of Research in Special Education Needs, 2, 1-12. doi:10.1111/1471-3802.12413 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-3802.12413

Burke, M. M., Goldman, S. E., Hart, M. S., & Hodapp, R. M. (2016). Evaluating the efficacy of a special education advocacy training program. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 13(4), 269-276. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12183

Burke, M. M., Lee, C. E., & Rios, K. (2019). A pilot evaluation of an advocacy programme on knowledge, empowerment, family–school partnership and parent well‐being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 63(8), 969-980. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12613 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12613

Division for Early Childhood of the Council for Exceptional Children. (2014). Official DEC recommended practices, 2014 Retrieved from https://divisionearlychildhood.egnyte.com/dl/tgv6GUXhVo.

Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center. (2022). Part B, section 619 of IDEA, Retrieved from https://ectacenter.org/sec619/sec619.asp.

Fontanesi, L., Marchetti, D., Mazza, C., Di Giandomenico, S., Roma, P., & Verrocchio, M. C. (2020). The effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on caregivers: A call to adopt urgent measures. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000672 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000672

Fontil, L., Sladeczek, I. E., Gittens, J., Kubishyn, N., & Habib, K. (2019). From early intervention to elementary school: A survey of transition support practices for children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in developmental disabilities, 88, 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2019.02.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2019.02.006

Hadar, L., & Brody, D. (2010). From isolation to symphonic harmony: Building a professional development community among teacher educators. Teaching and teacher education, 26(8), 1641-1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.06.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.06.015

Harry, B., & Ocasio-Stoutenburg, L. (2020). Meeting families where they are: Building equity through advocacy with diverse schools and communities. Teachers College Press. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S. C. 1400 et seq. (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference-69963.

Lalvani, Pr. (2019). Constructing the (m)other: Narratives of disability, motherhood, and the politics of normal. Peter Lang.

Leiter, V., & Wyngaarden Krauss, M. (2004). Claims, barriers, and satisfaction: caregivers' requests for additional special education services. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 15(3), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073040150030201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073040150030201

Magaña, S., Lopez, K., & Machalicek, W. (2017). caregivers taking action: A psycho-educational intervention for Latino caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Family Process, 56, 59-72. doi:10.1111/famp.12169 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12169

Mandic, C. G., Rudd, R., Hehir, T., & Acevedo-Garcia, D. (2012). Readability of special education procedural safeguards. The Journal of Special Education, 45(4), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466910362774 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466910362774

Mueller, T. G., Milian, M., & Lopez, M. I. (2009). Latina mothers' views of a parent-to-parent support group in the special education system. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 34(3–4), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.2511/rpsd.34.3-4.113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2511/rpsd.34.3-4.113

National Parent Technical Assistance Center (2016). Parent centers helping families. Self-publication.

Ocasio-Stoutenburg, L., & Harry, B. (2021). Case studies in building equity through family advocacy in special education: A companion volume to Meeting Families Where They Are. Teachers College Press.

Pianta, R. C., & Kraft-Sayre, M. (2003). Successful kindergarten transition: Your guide to connecting children, families, & schools. Baltimore: PH Brookes. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532768xjepc1603_7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532768xjepc1603_7

Rios, K., Aleman-Tovar, J., & Burke, M. M. (2020). Special education experiences and stress among Latina mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 73, 101534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101534

Rios, K., & Buren, M. (2023). Parents’ Experiences Transitioning From Early Intervention Services to School Services. Journal of Early Intervention, 10538151231159634. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10538151231159634

Rios, K., Burke, M. M., & Aleman-Tovar, J. (2021). A study of the families included in Receiving Better Special Education Services (FIRME) Project for Latinx families of children with autism and developmental disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04827-3

Shapiro, J., Monzo, L. D., Rueda, R., Gomez, J. A., & Blacher, J. (2004). Alienated advocacy: Perspectives of latina mothers of young adults with developmental disabilities on service systems. Mental Retardation: A Journal of Practices, Policy and Perspectives, 42(1), 37– 54. https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2004)42<37:aapolm>2.0.co;2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2004)42<37:AAPOLM>2.0.CO;2

Smalley, S. Y., & Reyes-Blanes, M. E. (2001). Reaching out to African American caregivers in an urban community: A community-university partnership. Urban Education, 36(4), 518-533. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085901364005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085901364005

Walker, J. M., Shenker, S. S., & Hoover-Dempsey, K. V. (2010). Why do parents become involved in their children's education? Implications for school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 14(1), 2156759X1001400104. https://doi.org/10.5330/prsc.14.1.768th8v77571hm7r DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X1001400104

Waters, C.L. & Friesen, A. (2019). Parent experiences of raising a young child with multiple disabilities: The transition to preschool. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 44 (1), 20-36. doi:10.1177/1540796919826229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1540796919826229

There are 27 references in total.
Rios, K., & Buren, M. (2025). Improving Transitions from Early Intervention (EI) to School: Strategies to Decrease Caregiver Stress and Increase Collaboration Between Families and School Professionals. Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 20(1), 119-129. https://doi.org/10.64546/jaasep.572

Downloads

Article Information

  • Article Type Articles
  • Submitted December 27, 2024
  • Published February 15, 2025
  • Issue Winter 2025
  • Section Articles
  • File Downloads 0
  • Abstract Views 0
  • Altmetrics
  • Share
Download data is not yet available.