A Practitioner’s Guide to Creating Multimedia Simulated Instruction for Students with Intellectual Disability

Authors

Students with intellectual disability benefit from direct instruction of community-referenced skills. Community-referenced skills are frequently taught through community-based instruction (CBI) however, CBI presents logistical barriers that can be difficult. Multimedia simulated instruction (MMSI) combines visual, auditory, and interactive elements to simulate real-world scenarios, providing a dynamic and engaging learning experience. This paper presents a framework for practitioners to develop MMSI that addresses the unique cognitive and learning needs students. A seven-step blueprint to creating MMSI, with careful and practical considerations given at each step, is presented with an illustrative scenario to demonstrate the practicality of MMSI. Key steps include deciding which skills to teach and the components of MMSI, analyzing transportation and logistical barriers, creating the materials and progress monitoring tools, and considering multimedia simulated components of the intervention. The paper emphasizes the benefits (cost, time, replication) of MMSI for both the student and practitioner.

Abadir, C.M., DeBar, R.M., Vladescu, J.C., Reeve, S.A., & Kupferman, D.M. (2020). Effects of video modeling on

abduction-prevention skills by individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 54, 1139-1156. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.822

Adams, D., Malone, S. (2021). The impact of anxiety on decision making in individuals with intellectual and

developmental disabilities or a diagnosis on the Autism Spectrum. In: Khemka, I., Hickson, L. (Eds.) Decision making by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Positive psychology and disability series. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74675-9_8

Akmanoglu, N., & Tekin-Iftar, E. (2011). Teaching children with autism how to respond to the lures of strangers.

Autism, 15(2), 205-222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361309352180

Allcoat, D., Hatchard, T., Azmat, F., Stansfield, K., Watson, D., & von Mühlenen, A. (2021). Education in the

digital age: Learning experience in virtual and mixed realities. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 59(5), 795-816. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633120985120

Almalky, H. A. (2018). Investigating components, benefits, and barriers of implementing community-based

vocational instruction for students with intellectual disability in Saudi Arabia. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 53(4), 415–427. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/215416471805300408

Almumen, H.A. (2024). Video prompting procedures to teach science electronic journaling to students with

intellectual disability: Leveraging students with disabilities’ learning endeavors. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 28(4), 994-1021. https://doi.org/10.1177/17446295231215640

Barczak, M. (2019). Simulated and community-based instruction: Teaching students with intellectual and

developmental disabilities to make financial transactions. Teaching Exceptional Children, 51(4), 313-321.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0040059919826035

Bell, B. (2021). Using video modeling to teach abduction-prevention skills to children with autism spectrum

disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05241-z

Bippert, K., & Harmon, J. (2017). Middle school teachers’ perceptions of computer-assisted reading intervention

programs. Reading Psychology, 38(2), 203–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2016.1245691

Bouck, E. C., & Joshi, G. S. (2016). Transition and students with mild intellectual disability: Findings from the

National Longitudinal Transition Study–2. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals,

39, 154-163. https://doi.org/10.1177/2165143414551408

Brownell, M., Bettini, E., Pua, D., Peyton, D., & Benedict, A. (2018). Special education teacher effectiveness in an

era of reduced federal mandates and increasing teacher shortages. In Crockett J. B., Billingsley B. S. (Eds.), Handbook of leadership and administration for special education (pp. 260–280). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315226378

Burckley, E., Tincani, M., & Fisher, A.G. (2014). An iPad-based picture and video activity schedule increases

community shopping skills of a young adult with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.

Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 18(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3109/17518423.2014.945045

Carlile, K.A., DeBar, R.M., Reeve, S.A., Reeve, K.F., & Meyer, L.S. (2018). Teaching help seeking when lost to

individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 51, 191-206. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.447

Dixon, D., Miyake, C.J., Novack, M.N., & Granpeesheh, D. (2020). Evaluation of an immersive virtual reality safety

training used to teach pedestrian skills to children with autism spectrum disorder. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 13, 631-640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-019-00401-1

Dymond, S. K. (2020). Community skills. In P. Wehman & J. Kregel, (Eds.), Functional curriculum for elementary

and secondary students with special needs (4th ed., pp. 165–184). Pro-Ed.

Fox, A., Dishman, S., Vailcek, M., Ratcliff, K., & Hilton, C. (2020). Effectiveness of social skills interventions

incorporating peer interactions for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(2), 1-19.

https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.040212

Frye, R. E. (2018). Social skills deficits in autism spectrum disorder: potential biological origins and progress in

developing therapeutic agents. CNS Drugs, 32, 713-714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-018-0556-y

Gardner S., & Wolfe, P. (2013). Use of video modeling and video prompting interventions for

teaching daily living skills to individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A review. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 38, 73-87. https://doi.org/10.2511/027494813807714555

Garwood, J. D. (2023). Special educator burnout and fidelity in implementing behavior support plans: A call to

action. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 31(2),84-96. https://doi.org/10.1177/10634266221099242

Garwood J. D., Van Loan, C. L., & Werts, M. G. (2018). Mindset of paraprofessionals serving students with

emotional and behavioral disorders. Intervention in School and Clinic, 53(4), 206-211.

https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1053451217712958

Godish, D., Miltenberger, R. & Sanchez, S. (2017). Evaluation of video modeling for teaching abduction

prevention skills to children with autism spectrum disorder. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders 1, 168–175 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41252-017-0026-4

Goo, M., Therrien, W. J., & Hua, Y. (2016). Effects of computer-based video instruction on the acquisition and

generalization of grocery purchasing skills for students with intellectual disability. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 51(2), 150-161. https://doi.org/10.1177/215416471605100205

Hetzroni, O. E., & Banin, I. (2017). The effect of educational software, video modelling and group discussion on

social-skill acquisition among students with mild intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in

Intellectual Disabilities, 30(4), 757-773. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12271

Hiersteiner, D., Bershadsky, J., Bonardi, A., & Butterworth, J. (2016). Working in the community. The status and

outcomes of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in integrated-employment-Update 2. Human Services Research Institute. https://www.thinkwork.org/working-community-status-and-outcomes-people-idd-integrated-employment-update-2

Hofmann, V., & Müller, C. M. (2022). Challenging behavior in students with intellectual disabilities: The role of

individual and classmates' communication skills. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 66(4), 353–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12922

Hopkins, S. L., & Dymond, S. K. (2020). Factors influencing teachers' decisions about their use of community

based instruction. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 58(5), 432-446.

https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-58.5.432

Horn, A., Gable, R., Bobzien, J. L., Tonelson, S. W., & Rock, M. L. (2020). Teaching young adults job skills using a

constant time delay and eCoaching intervention package. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 43(1), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/2165143419828983

Kang, Y.S. & Chang, Y.J. (2020). Using an augmented reality game to teach three junior high school students

with intellectual disabilities to improve ATM use. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(3), 409-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12683

Kennedy, C. H. (2005). Single case designs for educational research. Pearson Education

Kim, R. H., & Dymond, S. K. (2010). Special education teachers’ perceptions of benefits, barriers, and

components of, community-based vocational instruction. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 48(5), 313-329. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-48.5.313

Kratochwill, T. R., Hitchcock, J., Horner, R. H., Levin, J. R., Odom, S. L., Rindskopf, D. M. & Shadish, W. R.

(2010). Single-case designs technical documentation. Retrieved from What Works Clearinghouse website: http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/pdf/wwc_scd.pdf.

Lang, R., & Sturmey, P. (2021). Adaptive behavior strategies for individuals with intellectual and developmental

disabilities: Evidence-based practices across the lifespan. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66441-1

Lo, H.S., Sher, Y.J., Hong, J.C., Chang, H.K., & Wu, T.F. (2024). The effects of blended learning on the car

detailing skills of students with intellectual disabilities. Educational Technology & Society, 27(3), 46–60.

https://doi.org/10.30191/ETS.202407_27(3).RP03

Mailey, C., Day-Watkins, J., Pallathra, A., Eckerman, D., Brodkin, E., & Connell, J. (2021). Using adaptive

computer-based instruction to teach staff to implement a social skills intervention. Journal of

Organizational Behavior Management, 41(1), 2-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01608061.2020.1776807

Mechling, L. & O’Brien, E. (2010). Computer-based video instruction to teach students with intellectual disabilities

to use public bus transportation. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 45, 230-242. https://doi.org/10.1177/215416471004500207

Mechling, L. C., & Seid, N. H. (2011). Use of a hand-held personal digital assistant (PDA) to self-prompt

pedestrian travel by young adults with moderate intellectual disabilities. Education and Training in Autism

and Developmental Disabilities, 46, 220- 237. https://doi.org/10.1177/215416471104600207

National Disability Authority [NDA]. (2020). The center for excellence in universal design. Retrieved from

https://universaldesign.ie

Rooney-Kron, M., & Dymond, S. (2021). Teacher perceptions of barriers providing work-based learning

experiences. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 44(4), 229-240.

https://doi.org/10.1177/2165143420988492

Rowe D. A., Cease-Cook J., Test D. W. (2011). Effects of simulation training in making purchases with a debit

card and tracking expenses. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 34, 107–114.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0885728810395744

Scott, R., Collins, B., Knight, V., & Kleinert, H. (2013). Teaching adults with moderate intellectual disability ATM

use via the iPod. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 48(2), 190-199. https://doi.org/10.1177/215416471304800205

Simmons, C., Miller, R., Uphold, N., & Horn, S. (2023). Using computer-based video instruction

to teach students with a mild intellectual disability how to respond to stranger lures. Journal of Special Education Technology, 38(4), 527-538. https://doi.org/10.1177/01626434231165969

Test, D. W., Spooner, F., Holzberg, D., Robertson, C., & Ley Davis, L. (2017). Planning for other educational

needs and community-based instruction. In M. L. Wehmeyer and K. A. Shogren (Eds.), Handbook of research-based practices for educating students with intellectual disability (pp. 130-150). Routledge.

Trevor, M., Park, E. Y., & Blair, K. C. (2021). A meta-analysis of safety skills interventions for individuals with

intellectual disabilities. Education and Treatment of Children 44, 309–331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43494-021-00051-5

Walker, Z., Vasquez, E., & Wienke, W. (2016). The impact of simulated interviews for individuals with intellectual

disability. Educational Technology & Society, 19(1), 76-88.

Westman, L. (2021). What differentiated instruction really means. Educational Leadership, 79(1), 71-74.

Wu, C.L. & Tsai, Y.H. (2023). Effects of video prompting with augmented reality on functional living skills of

students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Journal of Special Education Technology, 39(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/01626434231170594

Xin, P. X., Grasso, E., DiPippi-Hoy, C. M., & Jitendra, A. (2005). The effects of a purchasing skill instruction for

individuals with developmental disabilities: A meta-analysis. Exceptional Children, 71(4), 379-400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440290507100401

There are 104 references in total.
Simmons, C., Uphold, N., & Richter, S. (2026). A Practitioner’s Guide to Creating Multimedia Simulated Instruction for Students with Intellectual Disability. Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 21(2), 15-32. https://www.aasep.org/article/view/640

Downloads

Article Information

  • File Downloads 0
  • Abstract Views 5
  • Share
Download data is not yet available.